The first N-body simulation of interacting galaxies, even producing spiral arms, was performed by Erik Holmberg in Lund (1941), not with a numerical computer, but by his arrangement of movable light-bulbs and photocells to measure the luminosity at each bulb and thereby estimate the gravitational force. A decade later, and with the arrival of the first programable computers, computations of galactic dynamics were performed, which were later transferred into a N-body simulation movie. I present here the background details for this work with a description of the important elements to note in the movie. Further description of this work may be found in


  1. PDF file (full published article ~50 MB)

  2. arXiv:1503.01795

  3. ADS entry


Download the full simulation movie in mov, wmv, or for your iphone.